People Risk It All In These "Am I The Jerk?" Stories

21. AITJ For Confronting My Housemate Over Skipped Bathroom Cleaning And Gross Habits?

I (F) live with three other girls. Two of them are super friendly, but one of them never talks to us, never helps, and never cleans. We have a rotating weekend bathroom cleaning schedule, and she constantly skips her turn unless we remind her days later.
She’s also left used period-stained toilet paper on the floor twice, fake eyelashes stuck to the carpet, and her hair clogs the shower. It’s gross. She didn’t buy toilet paper or soap for months, even though we all share them.
I’ve tried being nice—brought her cookies, tried small talk—but she ignores us.
Now she hates me, things are super tense, and I’m questioning if I was out of line. AITJ?
Another User Comments:
“NTJ – When you’re older you’ll be more able to handle being disliked.
Another User Comments:
“NTJ. She’s acting like a petulant child. She should be embarrassed that you had to bring this up. If anything, I’d take things up a notch and mention it every day that she doesn’t clean.
Another User Comments:
“NTJ. I once lived with two other people in college, Person A was my dorm roommate and friend, and Person B we thought was our friend (turns out she was not).
20. AITJ For Sending Back My Ex's Handmade Gifts Instead Of Keeping Them?

“We broke up back in the fall. She needed time to figure things out and find herself, or so she said. We were pretty far apart geographically, but we made an effort to see each other. I left to go on a job for four months in another country, but the pay was good, and I was planning on taking her somewhere nice when I returned.
Out of the blue, I got the text telling me she wasn’t ready to be in a relationship because of problems she had going on.
I’m moving, and she still has a lot of her stuff at my house, so I’m sending it all back, along with a few items she spent a good bit of time making for me because they still have feelings attached to them, and I don’t want to just throw them away. AITJ by sending them back? I feel kind of bad knowing the effort she put into it, but it’s better than the crap is how I’m justifying it.”
Another User Comments:
“NTJ, although you won’t be able to control how she interprets it.
Another User Comments:
“Crafter here. NTJ. It sounds like you really aren’t on speaking terms. If I broke up with someone I had gifted handmade things to and they weren’t keeping them, I would want them back, even if I didn’t have immediate plans for them.
Another User Comments:
“There is a lot of pertinent information missing from this post. Needing to go with the assumption that these are pieces of art given over the course of a several-year relationship.
19. AITJ For Refusing To Be In My Estranged Mother's Will?

“I, 26F, have been estranged from my mother for 11 years. Last month, she had a health scare and decided to get a will. She reached out to my dad to ask me if I wanted to be in the will, and I refused straight away. I don’t want money from her death just because we happen to share some blood. However, my younger brothers think I’m a jerk for refusing to be in the will. I told them that, at the end of the day, it’s her money and it’s her decision what she wants to do with it.
What is annoying me is the fact that she reached out to my dad to ask me; it just feels like a power move to me. And the fact that my family can’t see that and act like I’m a jerk has me second-guessing myself. So, am I a jerk?”
Another User Comments:
“NTJ. There are so many reasons that your mother may have reached out to your father and not you — not having your contact details (or maybe she did and lost them), the fact that you were 15 when you became estranged, who knows what her reasons are.
Tangent for a bit of perspective: my husband is his mother’s only child. Her partner has three children. Neither of them speaks to any of the total four children. We tried to have a relationship with her, but she preferred to treat us like garbage and then she tried to treat our child badly.
Another User Comments:
“NTJ — the whole fact that you are even being asked is some kind of power play. A will doesn’t need anyone’s permission or input other than the person/persons making it.
Another User Comments:
“I’m sure there is a lot of back story here that one post is too short to go into.
18. AITJ For Asking My Nonworking Wife To Help With More Housework?

“I, 44M, work from home and am fortunate enough to earn enough that my wife, 43F, does not need to work. I would love it if she could find a job, but it is not easy, as we live in a foreign country and employment is tough. She hasn’t worked for 10 years and has given up on looking for a job. To be clear, I’m fine with that (honestly, even proud that I can support us both).
I work 10–12 hours per day from home, and I am the one cooking, going grocery shopping, taking out the trash, and also participating in the house cleaning (mainly the vacuuming part).
I’m finding it hard to even get some “me” time for my hobbies and to unplug. I work from 9 a.m. to 7 p.m., sometimes later, after which I start cooking, eat, and then it’s basically bedtime. During the day, if we need groceries, I use my lunch hour to dash to the supermarket and get whatever we need.
Lately, I’ve tried talking about it because I don’t think this is fair. All I ask is that, since she is not working, she cooks more, gets groceries now and then, and helps me so I can also enjoy a proper weekend.
She says I “sound like a toxic alpha male.”
Mind you, I love cooking, and I believe we should share chores; I just don’t feel like we are sharing.
Another User Comments:
“NTJ – For the record, I’m a woman and I hate it when women weaponize the term “toxic masculinity.” I might have a different judgment if you had children, but with no children involved, what the heck does she do all day?
Another User Comments:
“NTJ – You’re not asking your wife to take over all of the household chores/tasks, nor are you rubbing in her face that you’re working and she’s not. When talking about managing the household, it’s also rarely just about doing tasks; it’s about the effort and value that this represents.
Another User Comments:
“NTJ. What is she doing all day? It’s not about male/female, it’s about how much each person is contributing. She’s not contributing money OR contributing to the unpaid “work” around the house. Her comment about toxic masculinity is manipulative. She knows she’s not pulling her weight and it’s clear she aims to keep it that way with comments like that. I’ve been a stay-at-home parent for 10 years and take care of ALL the household tasks, minus taking out the trash, making our morning coffee, and anything that would require tools/handyman-type skills.
17. AITJ For Telling A Friend His Objectification Of A Colleague Is Unacceptable?

“I, f (22), was friends with this guy (25, brain fully developed by the way). He was telling me about his work crush and he said “She has the perfect body and her face isn’t that bad.” I work with him, so I know he has never spoken to this girl.
Two days later, this girl becomes friends with me and I find out she has a partner. So I tell my friend because I thought it would save him the embarrassment of trying to ask out a taken woman.
I responded, “You don’t know her.
I explained that, as he knows, since I have told him, I have been used for my body multiple times by men who don’t care about my personality.
Another User Comments:
“NTJ. You did him a favour by telling him she had a partner. It would’ve come out either way, and probably more awkwardly if he had tried to ask her out.
Another User Comments:
“NTJ. He doesn’t like this girl. He doesn’t have any actual feelings about her. He doesn’t care about her life or her personality or her wants or her dreams.
Another User Comments:
“While I wouldn’t tell someone they’re not allowed to be upset, disappointment is perfectly valid.
16. AITJ For Asking My Mom To Pay Gas Money After She Called Me Out Of Work?

“I (20F) and my mom (58F) still live together. One morning, I woke up and started getting ready for work. I go into our shared living room to get my shoes from under the bench we have beside the door when my mom says, “What are you doing?”
To which I respond, “Getting ready for work. Why, what’s up?”
She then says, “Oh, you’re not going today. I called out for you.”
I thought she was kidding and laughed while putting my shoes on.
She then says, “I’m not joking.
Keep in mind, we still live together.
I responded and said, “Then how am I supposed to have enough money for gas this week?”
She responded, “I don’t know, figure it out.”
At this point, I was not very happy, especially with that comment. So I asked, “Are you going to pay me the money I missed out on while not being at work?”
She responded, “No, that is not my responsibility. Why would you even ask that? You know how broke we are?”
I just stood there, kind of dumbfounded.
Another User Comments:
“NTJ. Your mom asked how it was her responsibility to pay for your gas. It’s her responsibility because she was responsible for you not going to work. Your mom said ‘you know how broke we are’ – exactly why we don’t call in sick. You know all this already though. Congrats on becoming a responsible adult. Out of interest, is the reason ‘you are broke’ due to poor financial decisions (such as calling in sick to work) of your mom’s?” Jealous_Scale
Another User Comments:
“You need to politely go to your mom’s friend and tell them that your mom called you out without your knowledge and that it’s causing you a TREMENDOUS financial hardship, to where you’re not sure how you’ll be able to fill your car with gas to come to work next week.
Another User Comments:
“Something tells me Mom is afraid that you are going to move out soon. This is her way of sabotaging that.
15. AITJ For Excluding My Abusive Dad From My Wedding?

“I (23, female) am getting married next year. One of the first things I decided was that I would not be inviting my dad. He was very abusive to my siblings and me when we were children, and I haven’t seen or spoken to him in years. He doesn’t try to reach out to me either; the only time he calls is to let me know when a family member passes away. My mom passed away when I was 18, so obviously she won’t be at my wedding either.
Some of my family members are saying that I should have at least one of my parents there, and that I need to invite my dad.
My family members seem to be kind of put off by my lack of mournfulness over it all, and it makes me feel like an emotionless robot. I just want to enjoy my wedding with the people I genuinely want to spend time with. AITJ?”
Another User Comments:
“Take a deep breath and count to three. You know what is best for you in your heart, and you have made peace with it. There is no need to defend this decision with your family members.
Another User Comments:
“Your wedding. Your choice. If your family members have an issue, uninvite them too. They will sneak him or cause unnecessary drama on the day by saying to guests, I wish ‘xyz dad was here’ or ‘she never invited her dad’. Weddings tend to show people’s true colors, and they love to get involved as if it were their day.
Another User Comments:
“Your feelings are valid. I will not invite either of my parents either. Some people don’t understand how disconnected you can be from a parent who has shown so much mistreatment and presently chooses to be the same person. Your feelings are valid. You’re choosing to put your happiness and comfort first. I get a lot of hate from my family for not speaking to my parents, but no one has experienced the things I did, nor do I have to explain. I chose peace, and they weren’t a part of that.
14. AITJ For Refusing My Ailing Mother A Place To Stay When I'm Facing Homelessness?

“My mom (50+F) had a bunch of medical problems in 2024. She had four strokes and lost both of her feet due to her diabetes. I’ve been her sole caregiver since 2023.
We got evicted and lived in an RV. That was when my mom lost her feet and had her strokes. I’ve had to take care of her while juggling a full-time job and being a full-time student (working on getting my GED and degree).
Recently, at the start of the year, my mom went to a physical rehabilitation center.
I got home from work today, and my mom calls me and tells me that she’s being kicked out of her rehabilitation center in three days because her insurance won’t pay for her stay anymore and she needs a place to go and someone to get her.
But I’m about to be homeless, and I don’t even know where I’m going. Plus, I feel like I’m going to be more mad at her than happy to see her. She constantly asks for stuff even though she knows I’m broke.
Another User Comments:
“NTJ. They have an instruction on airplanes: To put on your own breathing mask for emergency oxygen before you assist others. You’re drowning, and these folks are not being parents; they’re dragging you down.
Another User Comments:
“If you are in the USA, look up your center for independent living at virtualcil.net.
Another User Comments:
“You said you’re in Indiana, right? You need to call whatever their welfare office is and see if you can reapply for benefits for her. I assume your dad used to work, so she should be able to collect off of his SS. Get an attorney for this. Most of them will do it for a percentage and will only collect if she wins her case. Your mom is a double amputee and stroke survivor with short-term memory issues, so I would think her state disability (SSI) would kick in first, and she should be eligible to get into some form of senior/disability living, as should your father.
13. AITJ For Leaving My Friend’s Birthday After Waiting An Hour?

“My 21F friend, let’s call her Maddy, invited me, 21F, to hang out for her birthday. Long story short, on this day, I told my friend that I would be busy until our meeting time, which was supposed to be 7 PM. Anyway, I texted her before and asked her to let me know when to come so I could leave my outing and come see her whenever she became fully available. I asked her if I should come right now; this was at 6:50, and I would have been there at 7.
I arrived around 7 and went inside the lobby. I texted her that I was there and that I was sitting and waiting. She doesn’t open my message for 10 minutes, and then she texts me saying that she is still busy with some people because she went to this gathering; I just said, “Okay.”
Then 10 minutes passed, 20 minutes passed, and she texts me again saying she’s so sorry she was busy showing people around. At this point, I was fed up. I had come to see her and she told me to come at that time; she was so inconsiderate knowing I was waiting for her in the lobby while she was “showing people around.” I waited and waited for up to an hour until I had had enough, and I texted her that I was going home.
I left and I was really hurt that she prioritized “showing people around” over her friend who came to see her and waited that long for her.
Another User Comments:
“You waited an hour? Wow. On one hand, it sounded like she was somewhere else (“because she went to this gathering”) and hadn’t even left, and that is all sorts of poor planning and disrespecting your time. But if I’m wrong (she was home), that’s even worse because she was obviously with other people and could have had any of them take her keys and go get you from the lobby while she played hostess. You didn’t bail on your friend; she bailed on you.
Another User Comments:
“NTJ. I wonder if this was a power play. Maybe she thought you were rude for having other plans on her birthday and telling her when you could fit her in. I’m not saying that was right of her, but just thinking it all through because it seems really odd for her to confirm that you should come by but then leave you waiting in the lobby for an hour. This would be enough for me to distance myself a bit and see how it plays out with her moving forward. No reason to bend over backwards for someone who doesn’t treat you well.” blueswan6
Another User Comments:
“NTJ.
12. AITJ For Not Picking Up My Addicted, Jail-Bound Mom?

“I, 24f, have a mom who’s 50 who completely blew up the family and, in the process, stole my car (which got impounded). Turns out she has been doing hard substances and hanging out with homeless people. A man gave her a fantasy and left her. She has now been homeless for over a year. She has gone to jail 4 times for trespassing. This is the fifth time. The entire family has cut all contact with her; all she has is me. I went extremely low contact.
Right now she is in jail in another city for trespassing.
Another User Comments:
“NTJ. You are absolutely, unequivocally, and inarguably not the jerk. I’m sorry that your mom is having such a tough time of it. I can’t imagine how sad and angry and frustrated you must feel. But you can’t set yourself on fire to keep another person warm – even if that person is your mom.
Another User Comments:
“NTJ. When someone spirals into addiction, they often don’t find their way out until they hit rock bottom. Where that is varies for people; some folks get arrested or end up homeless the first time and are horrified enough that they work on why they’re addicted and get free of it. Unfortunately, some people are emotionally messed up enough that they die before they hit rock bottom. As hard as it is to do, letting them hit rock bottom faster seems to be more likely to get them to deal with the addiction before it kills them.
Another User Comments:
“Your mother is manipulating you. She’s causing you a lot of pain and stress in order to get you to do what she wants.
11. AITJ For Stopping A Pregnant Woman From Cutting In Line On The Metro?

“I honestly feel so stupid for asking this because I thought it was an unspoken social rule in public transport to let people get off before you get on. But there was a pregnant woman trying to worm her way into the metro before I could get off, and she started yelling at me for being in the way? I told her to just step back and let me get off, but she called me a jerk and told me she lost a seat because of me and that she can’t stand too long because her feet are swollen from her pregnancy.
I don’t feel like I’m in the wrong, but people gave me nasty looks when I finally did get off.”
Another User Comments:
“NTJ.
Another User Comments:
“NTJ. What actually happened here, assuming by the sounds of it, is that she clocked a seat and wanted it so badly that she disregarded you and your need to get off by trying to push her way through (already an awful idea for a pregnant person).
Another User Comments:
“NTJ.
10. AITJ For Getting Mad At Friends For Letting My Friend Walk Alone In The Cold?

“Tonight, I was at a party with a group of friends we’ve been partying with for about 5 years. Some of us are closer than others, and I’m closest to Tyler, who has a history of getting way too intoxicated at parties. He’s been in ambulances and intoxicated tanks before, so I always worry about him when he drinks too much.
Tonight, it was just a smaller group of us, about seven people. I was the only sober one and left the party around 12:30 AM.
Eventually, they let him go, despite knowing he was in no condition to be alone, and the bars were closing soon anyway.
About 20 minutes later, Tyler called me, panicked and knocking on a stranger’s door. He wouldn’t tell me where he was or give me any details, and all I could hear was a car alarm in the background. I kept begging him to give me his location, but he wouldn’t. He was too intoxicated to think straight but still somewhat responsive. I started walking toward the party, hoping I could hear the car alarm and find him that way.
When I got to him, Tyler was sitting on the curb crying, saying he didn’t know where he was and was freezing. I gave him my jacket and walked him back to my house, where I put him in a bed to sleep it off.
Afterward, I messaged one of my friends, telling them it was irresponsible and that they were all crappy friends to let Tyler leave on his own in that state. They replied asking why I was lecturing them, saying they tried to get Tyler to stay, but he refused.
I feel frustrated and hurt by the way my friends handled the situation.
Another User Comments:
“YTJ and so is Tyler. Tyler can’t hold his liquor and gets belligerent when he drinks, but somehow you are blaming everyone else. The truth is that the other people can only do so much to save Tyler from himself. They told him not to go to the bars, and he just got angry. What did you expect everyone else to do?
Another User Comments:
“I feel judgment is beside the point. Tyler has a serious booze problem if he frequently drinks to excess like this, and that’s not debatable. And the problem with addiction is that it turns everyone into jerks. The addict for putting themselves in danger. Everyone gets to choose between…
- Burying their head in the sand and letting things continue as normal
- Endlessly trying to convince the addict to stop
- Constantly rushing around after the addict so they never truly have to face consequences
- Resigning themselves to what’s going on and praying the addict finds their way out
- Distancing themselves from the addict completely.
Because I can tell you from bitter experience, you’re almost powerless unless Tyler takes steps to help himself.
Another User Comments:
“The person you need to be mad at is Tyler. Tyler put himself in this situation. Tyler drank too much and then chose to wander outside while the other people at the party tried to stop him. Tyler has a history of drinking too much and forcing people into the position of babysitting him, or else getting into the kind of trouble that lands him in intoxicated tanks.
Edit – never mind, I’ve been corrected, you left earlier. I think the only real jerk here is Tyler, and he needs to stop drinking. Your other friends should ban him from parties at this point, it would actually be safer for him.” Thesafflower
9. AITJ For Planning To Evict My Freeloading BIL And His Pregnant Partner?

“I (23f) live with my fiancé (25M), our 3 kids, and my BIL and his partner. We live in a 3-bedroom 1-bath home. When my BIL and his partner moved in a year ago, it was under the pretense of getting back on their feet since they had just moved back from TX after my BIL’s car got totaled.
The agreement was that they would help with housework, groceries, and the occasional bill if needed, since we were providing everything else: food, water, electric, etc.
Now, mind you, the only chores we asked them to do were to keep their area clean and take out the trash. It will help to pay the WiFi bill since it skyrocketed another $200 after they moved in because they are on it with several different devices. I take care of all the housework while my fiancé takes care of bills.
They recently found out they were expecting, and now I’m at my wits’ end as it’s hard enough trying to provide food for two extra mouths, let alone 3.
WIBTJ, if I asked them to leave after taking care of them for the last year?
Small clarification: BIL and his partner both work. They have been working for about a month after they moved in. At the time, it wasn’t a problem because they were helping.
Another User Comments:
“I’ll tell you now… the answer is to simply say you cannot afford to have them, and they cannot afford to live there and need to find other means of housing.
Another User Comments:
“NTJ. You should have kicked them out months ago. Why have you put up with this for so long? Either they immediately start pulling their weight with chores & financial contributions or they can get the heck out now.
Another User Comments:
“Start formal eviction RIGHT NOW. They will stall, beg, plead, and then refuse to leave.
8. AITJ For Calling Out Boxer Hypocrisy In A Shared House?

“I (23m) am in grad school and I started renting a house with a few other students (all males, some undergrad, some grad). When I first moved in, I admittedly didn’t know roommate etiquette. I hung out around the house in my undergarments and sometimes just a tank top or nothing on top. Before you come at me too hard, I am in shape and it’s how I was raised. I don’t know if it’s a regional thing, but it’s something I picked up from my dad and brothers back home (born and grew up in NY, but my dad is an Aussie).
Anyway, my roommates shut that down pretty fast (within a week of me moving in, lol).
Anyway, one of my roommates likes to hang around in pretty short shorts. Most of us in the house are runners (it’s how we met), so that isn’t out of the ordinary. But today he had on what was very clearly boxer shorts—like plaid and everything, in my opinion. I called him out (this guy talked so much smack when I moved in), and he questioned what the big deal was. It turns out that all the shorts he’s been wearing in the house have been boxer shorts; he just hadn’t picked up on it because they were solid colored.
Most of them were against me, saying: 1. I wear briefs, so that’s different; and 2. If none of us noticed, it’s clearly not a big deal. I just think the same rule should be applied to everyone. Either we all have to wear shorts or not. One guy agreed with me (we’ve had conversations about how we don’t like the rule).
AITJ for calling this hypocrisy out and WIBTJ for just ditching the pants again without waiting for their input?”
Another User Comments:
“YTJ. This isn’t about the length of the shorts. It’s about how tight they are. It’s kind of wild that you actually need this explained to you. It wouldn’t magically be okay for you to wear boxer-briefs that go down to your knees, because they’d still be able to see the complete outline of your private part.
Another User Comments:
“YTJ. There’s absolutely a difference between briefs and boxer shorts, and also short shorts. Now, if your roommate is wearing those boxer shorts that are skin tight and very nearly briefs (similar to women’s boy shorts), he could be called out for that. But when it comes to most boxer shorts, they’re definitely pretty different than briefs when it comes to being around roommates. So are short shorts. Trying to argue that you should be able to wear briefs around when people are uncomfortable with it is silly.
Another User Comments:
““I’m in shape” – Bro, no one cares. You can’t be in shared roommate spaces in your tighty whities. It’s clear you think being fit excuses your lack of clothing because you correlate physique with attractiveness and acceptability.
7. AITJ For Slamming My MIL And Stepmom For Mocking Mental Health?

“Last year was really hard for me because I lost my mother to cancer. Then, not even two weeks later, I lost my grandmother to old age/a broken heart. My mom was my best friend. I seriously could tell her anything. My grandma was always like a second mom and would always make sure that I was taken care of (my parents weren’t the richest while growing up). After losing both of them, I spent some time in a mental health clinic because I had a mental breakdown.
Since then, my MIL has been making rude comments about people who are in the hospital for the same thing.
Last Friday, we had our weekly family dinner at my dad’s house, where my stepmom, of course, always invites MIL. Long story short, they started making fun of mental illnesses and even tried imitating some of them.
Of course, my stepmom started crying to my dad, saying that I was being rude and that she was just being honest about her feelings regarding mental health hospitals.
AITJ? Should I apologize just to keep the peace?”
Another User Comments:
“Ask your dad if he expects stepmommy dearest to apologize for mocking the death of your mother and grandmother. Or are you supposed to just allow her to be that dense?
Another User Comments:
“NTJ. And keep that apology filed under things I won’t say until heck freezes over. You keeping the peace sounds like them expecting you to lick their boots after they wiped said boots with dog doo before you start cleaning them off. They obviously don’t give two bits for your feelings, and it sounds like your dad is more worried about access to his member receptacle than he is about your mental health.
Another User Comments:
“NTJ – So your dad and husband both know you were in the hospital and, since then, have been around when this has happened, and at no point have they stepped in?
6. AITJ For Taking My Cake After My Family Ignored My Sobriety Milestone?

“I (27F) hit one year sober (from booze) at the beginning of the year. This was a huge accomplishment for me. It meant more to me than finishing college. I told my family that next time we were together for a family dinner, I had something to celebrate. This all happened at my mom’s. The kids were playing, and the adults were hanging out. I took the moment to share that I’d reached one year sober and how good I felt about it.
They responded, “Oh, that’s what you were talking about,” and “Has it been a year already?”
I am embarrassed to admit that I had hoped someone would say they’re proud of me.
My BIL Steve looked at my sister, and they both said “Well…” at the same time. Then she said, “Since we’re all here, (Niece) just got into (a specific gymnastics thing). It’s been a long road, but she did it!”
Steve popped some wine they had brought and started giving everyone glasses/cups. He made eye contact with me, and his face fell. I had this gnawing feeling, so I got up from the table. I took a walk.
I tried to work through the moment mentally so I could be present for my niece to celebrate her success. But when I got back to the house, my sister asked me why I left without saying anything. I said that I needed a minute to myself.
She looked at me oddly and said, “Okayyyy…”
I said that I’d shared something I was very proud of, but she bulldozed over it. My mom put her hand up and asked me what my news was. I said that I’d told them: I hit one year sober. Mom said that my generation always wanted praise for doing the bare minimum, and that it wasn’t an accomplishment but just what I needed to do, like graduating high school.
I tried to make it through dinner, but I just wasn’t in the mood anymore. I decided to go home.
Here is the direct thing I am being called a jerk for: I’d brought a small berry Chantilly cake (my favorite) to share after dinner. It was the thing I decided I had earned. The kids had definitely seen it. On my way out, I decided to take it home with me.
I guess when they realized that the cake wasn’t in the garage fridge anymore, my sister called to ask me why I took it. I said that I did because it was my cake to celebrate my accomplishment.
She said, word for word, “Are you freaking serious? ... Click here to continue reading